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Maths · Quantitative Aptitude

Algebra & DI

Elementary algebra covers linear and quadratic equations, while DI tests how quickly you can read tables, bar graphs and pie charts. SSC and Banking exams give 5–10 marks for DI alone — usually 3-4 questions on a single chart, so accuracy…
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Why it matters

Banking exams (IBPS PO, SBI PO, RBI Grade B): 10–15 marks of DI + Caselets. SSC CGL Tier-II has 25-question DI+Stats sets. RRB exams test elementary algebra, mean/median/mode and bar-graph reading.
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Elementary Algebra (Linear & Quadratic Equations)

An equation is a statement that two expressions are equal. A linear equation has the highest power of x as 1; a quadratic equation has the highest power of x as 2.

Exam tipIf the question only asks for the sum or product of roots, use Vieta's formulas (−b/a and c/a) instead of solving.
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Statistics — Mean, Median, Mode

Mean is the arithmetic average; Median is the middle value when data is arranged in order; Mode is the value that occurs most frequently.

Exam tipMean is sensitive to extreme values; Median is not. For salaries or skewed data, Median is usually a better measure.
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Data Interpretation (Bar Graphs, Pie Charts, Tables)

Data Interpretation tests your ability to read information presented in bar graphs, line graphs, pie charts, tables or caselets and answer accuracy/speed questions on it.

Exam tipBefore answering any question, glance at the chart's title, axis units, and legend. Misreading thousands as units is the single most common DI error.
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Short Tricks

Vieta's — sum and product of quadratic roots
For ax² + bx + c = 0, sum of roots = −b/a, product of roots = c/a. Use these directly when the question only asks sum/product.
Discriminant tells the root nature instantly
D = b² − 4ac. D > 0 → two distinct real roots; D = 0 → equal roots; D < 0 → no real roots (complex pair).
Pie chart angle ↔ value
1% of total = 3.6° of central angle. Slice value = (angle/360) × Total = (%/100) × Total.
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Quick Revision Facts

  • For a quadratic ax² + bx + c = 0: roots are real and distinct iff b² > 4ac.
  • In a pie chart: 1% = 3.6° of central angle.
  • For a frequency distribution, mode is the modal class midpoint or computed using the formula L + ((f₁−f₀)/(2f₁−f₀−f₂))×…
  • For symmetric data, Mean = Median = Mode.
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Mathematics — Quantitative Aptitude
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